CentOS Under Tektonic.net
From DuncanWiki
How much is my monthly hosting bill? $15... and what am I getting for my money? Email with server side spam filtering, this wiki, an Apache VirtualHost of my random stuff, and plenty of cycles to compile software as necessary.
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Tektonic.net
Tektonic.net is basically the cheapest game I could find... there are certainly downsides to their services.
- Their admins have full access to your process table, file system & everything that goes with that
- I can find myself battling for I/O with other users of the same physical hardware
- A handful of monthly emails during the auto-renew period
My Server Configuration
Keep in mind that this is all shared resources, I don't get to monopolize the wicked-awesome CPU & who knows how many other people are using the same physical disks. If someone starts thrashing the disks I suffer immediately.
- Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU Q6600 @ 2.40GHz
- 294MB RAM
- 13GB RAID-10 disk
- NO SWAP SPACE
Major Caveat
They watch your process table, I was downloading a CentOS torrent & had an email kicked my way. Since this is a virtual host you don't have the privacy that's typically afforded dedicated hardware. I wouldn't run a business on a Tektonic virtual machine, but my hobby site is just fine. I guess with something like thttpd running it'd make a pretty decent high-volume image server if you bought the higher outbound bandwidth package.
My Software Configuration
With abysmal specifications (except for CPU) such as this I had to get creative with the services I run on the machine.
Apache
Disable Indexing
You can disable indexes on a per-site basis with :
Options -Indexes
With my configuration I just decided to comment out all Indexing options in my /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Static Indexes
I found a script that did a decent job of creating indexes and greatly improved upon it (including parallelization & improving how attractive the html was).
You can download it at http://files.duncanbrown.org/linux/scripts/autoindex
Basic command syntax examples are :
autoindex /var/www/html
or to create index files for the current directory :
autoindex
or
find /var/www/html -type -d exec autoindex {} \;
Limit Number Of Servers
StartServers 1 MinSpareServers 1 MaxSpareServers 4
Limit Life Of Children
Apache children process can be memory hogs. I simply limited their lifespan with the following directives :
ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxRequestsPerChild 10
PHP
I lowered the memory_limit to 30 megabytes in /etc/php.ini :
memory_limit = 30M ; Maximum amount of memory a script may consume
- Limit max memory usage
MySQL
I've limited my memory usage by scaling back most of MySQL's memory usage. Here's a copy of my /etc/my.cnf :
[mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql old_passwords=1 key_buffer = 16K max_allowed_packet = 1M table_cache = 4 sort_buffer_size = 64K read_buffer_size = 256K read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K net_buffer_length = 2K thread_stack = 64K [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [isamchk] key_buffer = 8M sort_buffer_size = 8M [myisamchk] key_buffer = 8M sort_buffer_size = 8M
Sendmail
- children
Spam Assassin
Limit the number of children spawned in /etc/sysconfig/spamassassin :
CHILDREN=2
My Process Table
As you can see below, I have an extremely limited number of services running on my virtual machine. Since Tektonic.net doesn't allow their virtual hosts swap space, I need to ensure that I have plenty of free memory so processes don't start seizing.
(duncan@duncanbrown:~)$ free
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 301056 235876 65180 0 0 0
-/+ buffers/cache: 235876 65180
Swap: 0 0 0
(duncan@duncanbrown:~)$ ps auxwwf
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.0 0.2 10324 696 ? Ss Sep03 0:02 init [3]
root 21916 0.0 0.2 12584 644 ? S<s Sep03 0:00 /sbin/udevd -d
root 29767 0.0 0.1 5888 600 ? Ss Sep03 0:00 syslogd -m 0
root 29879 0.0 0.1 3784 424 ? Ss Sep03 0:00 klogd -x
root 30564 0.0 0.4 60520 1220 ? Ss Sep03 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd
root 10045 0.0 1.0 85868 3188 ? Ss 01:33 0:00 \_ sshd: duncan [priv]
duncan 10098 0.0 0.8 86680 2516 ? S 01:33 0:00 \_ sshd: duncan@pts/0
duncan 10100 0.0 0.4 10912 1464 pts/0 Ss 01:33 0:00 \_ -bash
duncan 10198 0.0 0.3 19308 916 pts/0 S+ 01:33 0:00 \_ /usr/bin/screen -DAR
root 31996 0.0 0.3 10772 1152 ? S Sep03 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
mysql 1370 0.0 10.3 190556 31044 ? Sl Sep03 0:12 \_ /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --skip-external-locking --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
root 14078 0.0 15.3 104552 46268 ? Ss Sep03 0:05 /usr/bin/spamd -d -c -m1 -H -r /var/run/spamd.pid
root 18186 0.0 17.6 111540 53264 ? S Sep03 0:06 \_ spamd child
root 16091 0.0 0.7 71016 2388 ? Ss Sep03 0:02 sendmail: accepting connections
smmsp 16161 0.0 0.5 57608 1768 ? Ss Sep03 0:00 sendmail: Queue runner@01:00:00 for /var/spool/clientmqueue
root 20127 0.0 4.5 319760 13796 ? Ss Sep03 0:05 /usr/sbin/httpd
apache 26075 0.0 9.5 338012 28676 ? S Sep03 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/httpd
apache 17686 0.0 9.6 338356 28960 ? S Sep03 0:01 \_ /usr/sbin/httpd
apache 12172 0.0 9.6 338216 28916 ? S 00:00 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/httpd
apache 27779 0.1 9.1 336784 27632 ? S 02:08 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/httpd
root 20185 0.0 0.3 19676 1140 ? Ss Sep03 0:00 crond
root 20228 0.0 0.4 49660 1416 ? Ss Sep03 0:00 squid -D
squid 20231 0.0 2.1 52392 6452 ? S Sep03 0:09 \_ (squid) -D
squid 31995 0.0 0.0 3624 244 ? Ss Sep03 0:00 \_ (unlinkd)
root 5651 0.0 0.1 18696 456 ? Ss Sep03 0:00 /usr/sbin/atd
root 5669 0.0 0.1 46648 508 ? Ss Sep03 0:00 /usr/sbin/saslauthd -m /var/run/saslauthd -a pam -n 2
root 5765 0.0 0.0 46648 292 ? S Sep03 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/saslauthd -m /var/run/saslauthd -a pam -n 2
duncan 9335 0.0 5.4 34596 16284 ? Ss Sep03 0:01 /usr/bin/SCREEN -DAR
duncan 9336 0.0 0.4 11044 1480 pts/1 Ss Sep03 0:00 \_ /bin/bash
duncan 25895 0.0 0.5 11040 1536 pts/2 Ss+ 01:49 0:00 \_ /bin/bash
duncan 32240 0.0 0.5 11044 1536 pts/3 Ss 01:56 0:00 \_ /bin/bash
duncan 16267 0.0 0.2 10432 808 pts/3 R+ 02:15 0:00 | \_ ps auxwwf
duncan 30472 0.0 0.4 11040 1484 pts/4 Ss+ 01:56 0:00 \_ /bin/bash
duncan 1793 0.0 0.5 11044 1512 pts/5 Ss+ 02:03 0:00 \_ /bin/bash
